2006/08/25
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2006/08/31
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¦³®ÉÔı±o.....¦b¤W"³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ"(Labor
Economy),±Ð±Â»¡n°µ¤@¥÷³ø§i.....¥H«á¾Ç®Õ¤j·§·|Åý¦³°µ³ø§i¦Ó²¦·~ªº¸gÀÙ¨t¾Ç¥Í¦b²¦·~ÃҮѤW±¦³¨Ç³\ªº¤£¤@¼Ë.....
¤§«e¤W¥ÍºA¸gÀÙªº³ø§i,ÁöµM¤]¬O·dªº®¼¯E¤jªº,¦ý¬O¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº¸ê®Æ¤ÀªR.....¤j³¡¤À¥u¦³Âàz¨ä¥L¤G¤â¸ê®Æªº°Å¶K¦Ó¤w.....¸ò³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ¤@¤U¤l³B²z¤@µ§¥|¤Q¸U¤Hªº¸ê®Æ....·Pı®t²§«Ü¤jªü!
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2006/09/01
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2006/09/07
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤k¤H¯¸°_¨Ó¤F!....³Ì¤Ö¦b¬ü°ê....®Ú¾Ú²Îp¼Æ¦r«ü¥X....¤k¤HÌ,¤w¸g¯¸°_¨Ó¤F!
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®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê¥h¦~¥X¨Óªº³ø§i©Ò°µ¥X¨Óªº¸gÀÙ¤ÀªRµo²{.....¬ü°ê¤k¤H¦b¨C¤p®É®ÉÁ~§C©ó¤G¤Q¤¶ô¿ú¬üª÷ªº®ÉÔ,¤u§@®É¶¡¸òÁ~¤ô¬O§e²{¤W¤Éªº¦±½u,¤]´N¬O»¡®ÉÁ~¶V¦h,¤u§@®É¶¡¶Vªø.
¦Ó³oÓÁͶիh¨ì¤F¨C¤p®É®ÉÁ~¶W¹L¤G¤Q¤¶ô¿ú¬üª÷ªº®ÉÔ¦³§ïÅÜ,Åܦ¨Á~¤ô¶V¦h,¤u§@®É¶¡¶V¤Ö....
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2006/09/12
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)³Ìªñ¦bpºâªºªF¦è³æ¦ì³£®¼¤pªº......¤p¨ì....·í¥Î"°jÂk"(Regression)¨Ópºâ°Ñ¼Æ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Yªº®ÉÔ,±`±`·|µo¥Í....¿W¥ß°Ñ¼Æ¼W¥[¤@ªº®ÉÔ....¨Ì¿à°Ñ¼Æ±`±`¥u§ïÅܤ@ÂIÂI....³o®ÉÔ´N¥i¥H³z¹L"¹ï¼Æ"(Logarithm)¨Ó¸Ñ¨M.
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2006/09/19
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¦b«ä¦ÒµÛ....¸gÀپǪº±MÃDn¤£n°µ¦³Ãö¬ü°ê¤£¦PºØ±Ú¦b±Ð¨|§ë¸ê¤Wªº¦^¦¬¬O§_¬Û¦P.....³o¼ËªºÃD¥Ø¤£ª¾¹D·|¤£·|¤Ó¹L©óµL²á?
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2006/09/26
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2006/09/28
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2006/10/01
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³o¥÷³ø§i¥Dn¬O°w¹ï¦b¤@¤E¤E¹s¦~¥|¤ë¤@¸¹·M¤H¸`ªº®ÉÔ,¬ü°ê¨M©w´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤@¨Æ,¦Ó³t¹²£·~¹ï©ó³o¥ó¨Æ±¡ªº¤ÏÀ³¬°¦ó?
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2006/10/07
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)´N¬O...¨º¹D¥ú...«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«e...."¨º³\"(Nash)»¡¹L..."Áɧ½²z½×"(Game
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2006/10/10
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2006/10/11
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25 |
1/10 |
11 |
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6.5/20 |
26.5 |
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55 |
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11 |
22/4 |
26 |
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3/60 |
63 |
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15 |
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40 |
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30 |
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39 |
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ªF¦è¸ò§Þ¯àÅܪº¶V¨Ó¶V«K©y¬O¤@ºØ¤£¥i°fªº¤ÏÀ³,¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡,¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê·|¥[³t³oÓ¹Lµ{.
¦Ó¥B¤£¬O¨CÓ¤HÂླ£¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº...¦pªG¨CÓ¤HÂླ£¥i¥H¦¨¥\¨Ã¥B§ä¨ì¤u§@,¸gÀپǴN¤£»Ýn¯S§O³Ð³y¤@Ó¦Wµü¥s°µ"¥¢·N¤u¤H"(Discourage
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|
2006/10/12
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)§ó¦hªº¬ã¨s³ø§iªü!
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¦pªG¦³¤H¹ï³o´X¥÷»{¬°¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤£·|³y¦¨¥¢·~²v´£ª@ªº¬ã¨s³ø§i¦³¿³½ì¤F¸Ü,¥i¥H§ä§ä"Myth
and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage".³o¥»®Ñ,¬O§â³o¤T¦ì±Ð±Âªº¥|¥÷³ø§i,¤@¥÷¼w¦{,¤@¥÷¥[¦{,¤@¥÷¥þ°ê©Ê¸ò¤@¥÷¯Ã¿A¦è¦{ªº³ø§i¾ã²z°_¨Ó©ÒÅܦ¨ªº¤@¥»®Ñ.
¤µ¤Ñ¬Ýªº³ø§i¦³¨â¥÷¬O«·s¼fµø¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº,ÁÙ¦³¤@¥÷....¤]ºâ¬O«·s¼fµø¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§i,¤£¹L¦³½ìªº¬O,³o¥÷³ø§iªº§@ªÌ´N¬O¤§«eµoªí:¯Ã¿A¦è³t¹·~³ø§i"ªº±Ð±Â....©Ò¥H¤º®e¥i¥H»¡¬Oºëªö¥i´Áªü!
°ò¥»¤W....¤º®e¸ò¼â°ü½|µó¨SÔ£¨â¼Ë...¥i¥H»¡¬O¶}©l°ÝÔ¹ï¤è¤÷¥Àªºµ{«×¤F....¹³¬O¤@¥÷³ø§i¤¤¥Î¤F..."What
the results suggest, of course, is that the measurement error is not
random across states."...³oºØ±µªñ±±¶Dªº»y½Õ·t¥Ü....¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ¾Þ±±¦Û¤vªºì©l¸ê®Æ....
¦Ó¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ¤]§ï¥Î¤FÁ~¸ê³ø§i¨Ó«·s°µ¦Û¤vªº¬ã¨s³ø§i...³ø§i¤¤±j½Õ:"°ò¥»¤u¸êªº¼Wªø¹ï©ó¥¢·~²vªº¼vÅT¦b²Îp¾Ç¨Ó¬Ý,¼vÅT¤Ó¤p,¦b²Îp¾Ç¤Wºâ¬O¥i¥H±Æ°£ªº¦]¯À..."...ºâ¬O§â¤§«eªºµ²½×³ø§i±q¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¥i¥H¼W¥[´N·~²v¨ì²{¦b....¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¹ï¥¢·~²vªº¼vÅT¤£¤j....¦Ó¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ«h¤ÏÀ»....¨ä¥L³ø§iªºªº¸ê®Æ¤]¦³°ÝÃD....¬Ý°_¨Ó¯u¬Oºëªöªü!
|
2006/10/17
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ¤S¥t¥~¬Ý¤F¨â½g³Ò¤u¸gÀÙªº¬ã¨s³ø§i.
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2.75 |
3.62 |
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6.15 |
3.83 |
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3.4 |
0.21 |
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2.95 |
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2.88 |
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0.9 |
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¤pÀn¦Û¤vªº°²³]¬O....¥»¨Ó,«ö·Ó쥻ªº´º®ðª¬ªp,¥þ¬ü¹s°â·~ªº´N·~¼W¥[¤F¹sÂI¤E,¨º¹s°â·~¼Wªø¨â¿ªº¥[¦{....´N·~´N¸Ó¼W¥[¤@ÂI¤K(0.9*2=1.8)....¥i¬O«o¤Ï¦Ó´î¤Ö¤F¹sÂI¥|¤C....¦pªG¦A§â¹sÂI¥|¤C§Ë¦^¥h...´Nµ¥©ó¬O´î¤Ö¤F¤GÂI¤G¤CӦʤÀÂIªº´N·~¾÷·|¤F.
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½Ñ¦p¦¹Ãþªº¬ã¨s¥Ø«eÁÙ¥I¤§Âö¦p...³oÓ²z½×ÁÙ¬OÄÝ©ó¤fÀY¤W»¡»¡....¦Ü©ó®ÄªG¥Ø«eÁÙ¨S¦³¬ã¨s¸ê®Æ¥h¤ä«ù.
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³oˬO«Ü¦X²zªº. ·í¥Ó½ÐªºÂ¾¦ì¶V±Mºë,©Î¬O§Nªù,¥¢¥h³oÓ¤u§@¤§«á,n§ä¨ì¤U¤@ÓÃþ¦üªº¤u§@¥i¯à«ÜÃø.....Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡....¹³¬OÁ`²Î....·í§¹¤K¦~¤§«á,¤£·Q¥¢¥h³o¥÷¤u§@ªº¨ø¥ôÁ`²Î....n»òµ¥¥|¦~...n»ò²¾¥Á¥h¨ä¥L°ê®a¿ï....¦]¬°Ãþ¦üªº¤u§@¹ê¦b¬O¤Ó¤Ö¤F.
|
2006/10/23
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Examination
#1
Sonoma
State University Dr. Cuellar
Economics
421- Seminar in Labor Economics Fall 2006
Answer
all questions completely. Absolutely no colluding with classmates on the
examination. You can use any and all animate and inanimate resources
available except for fellow Econ. 421 classmates. Any answers deemed
suspiciously similar will be given a zero. Your typed answers are due at
the beginning of class on Tuesday, October 24.
(1)
In 1981, the government increased the benefit reduction rate from 67% to
100%.
(a)
Show graphically the effects of raising the benefit reduction rate on the
budget constraint. In your graph be sure to indicate the effects on the
income guarantee, the break even level of income and the net wage.
(b)
What are the predicted effects of raising the benefit reduction rate to
100% on:
(i)
labor force participation of AFDC participants;
(ii)
hours worked of AFDC participants;
(iii)
the costs of the program; Explain each fully and show graphically.
(c)
Table 4 of the Moffitt (1992) paper shows that the percentage of AFDC
female heads working full time after 1981 (after the increase in the
benefit reduction rate) falls considerably. Is this evidence of a causal
link between the benefit reduction rate and the work incentive? Explain
fully.
(d)
Consider the federal Food Stamp program, which provides coupons (now debit
cards) used for the purchase of food by low income families. Average
monthly food stamp benefits per household in 2002 were $185.71. The
opportunity cost of leisure for many low income families is the minimum
wage, which is currently $6.75 in California. Using the average
disincentive estimate of 5.4 hours used in Moffitt (1992), calculate the
¡§leaky bucket¡¨
coefficient. That is for every dollar transferred to low income families
through the food stamp program, how much will earnings decrease as a
result of increased consumption of leisure?
(2)
Consider the studies by Katz and Krueger (1992) and Card and Krueger
(1993), in which both studies examine the effect of a minimum wage
increase on the fast food industry.
(a)
What fast food firms in particular are examined by these studies? Discuss
the choice of firms used in these studies.
(b)
Ignoring the problems with the data, explain how examining the effects of
the minimum wage increase on those particular firms in part (a) can result
in an increase in employment of those firms. Explain your answer fully.
(3)
Consider the study by Kim and Taylor (1995) which examines the effects of
the 1988 minimum wage increase in California.
(a)
What is Kim and Taylor¡¦s main criticism of the Card (1992) study?
(b)
Based on your answer to (a), how can an increase in the minimum wage
result in increased employment? Show graphically using supply and demand
curves. In the Kim and Taylor paper, they discuss the effects of the
minimum wage increase on San Francisco and Sutter Counties.
(c)
Show graphically using supply and demand curves the effect of the minimum
wage increase on employment in San Francisco County. Explain fully.
(d)
Show graphically using supply and demand curves the effect of the minimum
wage increase
on employment in Sutter County. Explain fully.
|
2006/10/24
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¨k¥Íªº¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú³Ì°ªÁ~¥i¥H±µªñ¤K¸U¬üª÷,ªÖ©w¶W¹L¤C¸U¬üª÷....¤k¥Íªº¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú©O?ÁÙ¤£¨ì¥|¸U¬üª÷....´X¥G¥u¦³¤@¥b....¨k¥Íªº°ª¤¤¾Ç¾ú³Ì°ªÁ~¥i¯à¥i¥H¨ì¤T¸U¤ªþªñ,¦Ó¤k¥Íªº°ª¤¤¾Ç¾ú«h¬O«j±j±µªñ¨â¸U¬üª÷....´«¥y¸Ü»¡....¤k¥Í°á¨ì¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú...³Ì°ªÁ~¤ô¤]¥u¬O¤ñ¨k¥Í°á¨ì°ª¤¤°ª¨º»ò¤@ÂIÂI¦Ó¤w....·Q·Q³oÓ²{¹êÁÙ®¼Åý¤H¥¢±æªºªü....
|
2006/11/09
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¸g¹L¸ß°Ýªºµ²ªG...nª¾¹D¦b¤@©w¦~¼ÆªºÁ~¤ôÁ`¦X....º¥ý±o§ä¥X¨º±ø¦±½uªº¤èµ{¦¡....³oÓ²³æ,¹q¸£¶]¤@¤U´N¥X¨Ó¤F....ÁöµM¤pÀn¤£ª¾¹D«ç»ò¥X¨Óªº....¦ý¬O¯à§Ë¥X¨ÓÁÙ¬O¨S¦³°ÝÃDªº....
¦b¨Ó...´Nn¾a...¿n¤À¤F....·L¿n¤À³oÓ¬ì¥Ø¤@ª½Åý¤pÀn«ÜÀYµhªü....¤£¦p»¡...¤pÀn¤@ª½¤£ÄÝ©ó¼Æ¾Ç¦nªº¨ººØ°Êª«¤~¬O....¤j®a¦³Å¥¹L"¯«¤û"ºâ¼Æ,¦³Å¥¹Lª¯¸ò°¨·|ºâ¼Æ....¥i¨SÅ¥¹LÀn¤l§a....
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¦Ó²{¦b...«h±o¬ã¨s¿n¤À¤F....¥u¬O...ÃD¥Ø¬O³Ò¤u¸gÀٱб¥Xªº....ª½±µ¶]¥h§ä¥L¦n¹³©Ç©Çªº....©ó¬O¤pÀn´N¶]¥h§äÁɧ½²z½×ªº±Ð±Â¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD....¤Ï¥¿....¤pÀn¤w¸g·Ç³Æ¦n¤F...¦pªGÁɧ½²z½×ªº±Ð±Â¦]¬°¤Ó¤[¨SºN...¦Ó§Ñ°O¤F....¤j·§´Nª½±µ¶]¥h§ä¤§«e»{ÃѪº¼Æ¾Ç±Ð±Âºâ¤F.....¦b¤@ӾǮէb¤[¤Fªº¦n³B¬O....ª¾¹D¥hþ§ä¤HÀ°¦£....®Ú¾Ú³Ò¤u¸gÀٱбªº»¡ªk:"§Ú¤£¦b·N§AÌ·|¤£·|ºâ,¦ý¬O§A̱oÃÒ©úµ¹§Ú¬Ý,§A̦³¿ìªk¦b¤£§@¹úªºª¬ªp¤U,§ä¨ì¤HÀ°§Aªù¨Ó¦^µª³o¨Ç°ÝÃD."...
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|
2006/11/14
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)³oÓ¥@¬É¬O¤@Ó¨S¦³ª[µøªº¥@¬Éªü!
ªÛ¥[ô¾Ç¬£ªº¸gÀپǮa,¿Õ¨©º¸¼ú±o¥D¥[ùØ.¨©§J(Gary
S. Becker)¦b1955¦~µoªí¤F"ª[µø²z½×"(Theory of
Discrimination).
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ª[µø¦³¤TºØ.....
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¦Ó³oÓ²{¶H¹ï©ó¨º¨Çª[µø¤Hªº¶±¥D¬O¦³¶Ë®`ªº....¦]¬°¸ò¨ä¥LÄ@·N¸u½Ð¤k¥Íªº¤½¥q¬Û¤ñ,¹ï¤k¥Í¦³ª[µøªº¤½¥q¤H¨Æ¦¨¥»·|¤ñ¤£ª[µø¤k«Ä¤lªº¤½¥q¨Óªº°ª....
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³o¸Ì´£¨ìªº¦³¤TÂI
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¬ü°ê¤]°µ¹LÃþ¦üªº¬ã¨s,¬ü°ê¾·~Äx²yªºÄx²y¶¤¤¤¦pªG¦h¤@Ó¥Õ¤H²yû,©u²¼¥i¥H¦h½æ¤@¤d¤¦Ê±i¥ª¥k....³o´N¬O¤@ºØ¦]¬°®ø¶OªÌ¦Ó²£¥Íªºª[µø.
|
2006/11/15
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)´Á¤¤¦Ò.....ÁöµM..¤W¤@¦¸¦ÒªºÁÙ¤£¿ù....¤£¹LÁÙ¬On¥æ¥X¥h....ÁöµM¤£¥æ¤]¤£·|¦³³Â·Ð...¤£¹LÁÙ¬O·í¦¨¹ï¦Û¤vªº¬D¾Ô§a!
(¤@)
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¨Ï¥Î§AªºÓ¤HªºÓ¤H¸ê®Æ,¥]§tºØ±Ú,©Ê§O,¸ò·Qn¤u§@ªº¦{.
²Ä¤@Ó¥¤è¤èµ{¦¡¬O¥H°ª¤¤¾Ç¾ú¬°°ò·Ç,²Ä¤GÓ¥¤è¤èµ{¦¡«h¬O¥H¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú¬°°ò·Ç.
µe¹Ïªí¥Ü.
Construct
two quadratic experience earnings profiles based on your individual
personal characteristics including your race, gender and the state in
which you intend to work and live. The first earnings profile should be
for you if the highest grade you attain is a high school degree and the
second if your highest grade attained is a bachelor¡¦s degree. Show both
earnings profiles together graphically.
ASMHSW=°ª¤¤²¦·~
ASMBAW=¤j¾Ç²¦·~ ««ª½¶b¬OÁ~¤ô,¤ô¥¶b«h¬O¤u§@¸gÅç
¤u§@¸gÅ窺³]©w¬O:¦~¬ö-¦b¾Ç®É¶¡-6
°ª¤¤¤èµ{¦¡¬O(-42.32387)X^2+
(2127.192)X+ 11715.91=0
¤j¾Ç¤èµ{¦¡¬O(-95.47034)
X^2+ (4572.693)X+ 31458.17=0
(¤A):±q¤W±ªº¥¤è¤èµ{¦¡,¥i¥Hª¾¹D§AÓ¤H¦b¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾úÁȨ쪺¿ú,¬Æ»ò®ÉÔÁȳ̦h?
³Ì¦hªº®ÉÔÁȦh¤Ö?
For the earning profile based on your personal characteristics with a bachelor¡¦s degree,
when are peak earnings? What are peak earnings? Explain your answers fully.
¤èµ{¦¡¬O:(-95.47034X^2)+(4572.693X)+31458.17
¥Î·L¤À¨Ó¨D
dy/dx=2(-95.47034X)+4572.693=0
X=23.94823879
23.94823879+16+6=45.94823879
µM«á§âX=23.94823879±a¤J¤èµ{¦¡¤¤
f(23.94823879)=(-95.47034)
X^2+ (4572.693)X+ 31458.17=86212.14193
(¤þ):ºâ¥X±q¤G¤Q¤·³¨ì¤»¤Q¤·³¤¤¶¡¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú¥i¥HÁȦh¤Ö¿ú?
Calculate the earnings premium in dollars that you would earn over the age 25-65 by
attaining a bachelor¡¦s degree. Hint: This calculation involves the use of calculus and is
probably best produced using an advanced calculator or some type of computer program
e.g. Mathcad. Show your work
³oÓ»ò....±on¥Î¿n¤À¨Ó¨D...´«¥y¸Ü»¡,´N¬O¦Û¤v¤T¨ì¥|¤Q¤T¦~ªº¤u§@¸gÅç
(-95.47034)
X^2+ (4572.693)X+ 31458.17³oÓ¤èµ{¦¡Åܦ¨¿n¤À....À³¸Ó´N¬O....
(¡ì43~3)
(-95.47034/3)X^3+(4572.693/2)X^2+31458.17X=[(-95.47034/3)(43^3)+(4572.693/2)(43^2)+31458.17*43]-[(-95.47034/3)(3^3)+(4572.693/2)(3^2)+31458.17*3=3049969.214-114092.3954=2935876.819
(¤G):¹ï¥H¤Uªº»¡ªk´£¥X¦Û¤vªº·N¨£.
(¥Ò):©À¤j¾Ç¤@¦~¾Ç¶O¤j¬ù¬O¤@¸U¤¤d¬üª÷.
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³o¤]¥NªíµÛ¹ï¤HÃþ¸ê²£¾Ç»¡ªº¤@ºØªÖ©w.
Comment on the following statement by Harvard labor economist George
Borjas, ¡§Going to college costs over $150,00 for the typical student (including both forgone earnings and
direct costs). If college provided only an impressive-looking piece of paper, firms that specialize in
providing equally impressive pieces of paper at lower prices would appear in the marketplace. The
fact that we do not see a large industry of firms that sell credentials certifying a person¡¦s innate
productivity must imply that education does more than just signal a workers productivity; it must
also alter the human capital stock.¡¨
¥«±¤W½T¹ê¦³¥X²{¤@¨Ç¤ñ¸û«K©yªººô¸ô¤j¾Ç¨Ó´£¨Ñ¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú.
¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó³o¨Ç¾Ç®Õªº¾Ç¾ú¤£¤j³Q»{¥i,©Ò¥H³o¨Ç¤j¾Çªº¾Ç¾ú³Q»{¬°¬O´X¥GµL®ÄªºªF¦è.....´«¥y¸Ü»¡,³o¨Ç¤j¾Çªº¤å¾Ì©Ò´²µo¥X¨Óªº°T¸¹¬O¤ñ¸û®zªº,Åý¶±¥D¤£¤jÄ@·N¥H¤ñ¸û°ªªºÁ~¤ô¸u½Ð³o¨Ç¦¸µ¥©Î¬O«D¥¿³W¤j¾Çªº¤å¾Ì.
(¤A):³Ìªñ¨âÓ¬ã¨s«ü¥X,¦b°ª¤¤®É¦³¶iפ@¨Ç¤j¾Ç¥ý¨Ç½Òµ{ªº¾Ç¥Í¸ò°ª¤¤¸w·~¥ÍªºÁ~¤ô´X¥G¤@¼Ë.
³oÓ²{¶H¤ñ¸û²Å¦X¤HÃþ¸ê²£¾Ç»¡©Î¬O¤ñ¸û²Å¦X«H¸¹¾Ç»¡?
Two recent studies show that the labor market characteristics of GED graduates and high
school dropouts are virtually identical. In particular, the wages of GED graduates are no
higher than the wages of highschool dropouts.1 Is this consistent with the human capital or
signaling model of education? Explain your answer fully.
¥Ñ©ó³o¨âºØ¾Ç¾úªº¾Ç¥Í¦b¶±¥Dªº²´¤¤´X¥G¬O¤@¼Ëªº,´«¥y¸Ü»¡¦oÌ©Ò´²µoªº°T¸¹¹ï¶±¥D¨Ó»¡´X¥G¤@¼Ë.
³o¤]¾ÉP¨âªÌªºÁ~¤ô´X¥G¨S¦³®t²§ªº²{¶H.
(¤þ):¬ã¨sµo²{,´¼°Ó¸ò±Ð¨|¦³«Ü±j¯PªºÃöÁp©Ê.
±Ð¨|¸òÁ~¤ô¦³«Ü¤jªºÃöÁp©Ê....¦ý¬O...«oµo²{....´¼°Ó¸òÁ~¤ô¨S¦³«Ü¤jªºÃöÁp©Ê....³oÓ¬ã¨s¤ñ¸û²Å¦X¤HÃþ¸ê²£¾Ç»¡©Î¬O¤ñ¸û²Å¦X«H¸¹¾Ç»¡?
Studies have found a strong positive correlation between I.Q. and educational attainment
but have failed to find a strong correlation between I.Q. and earnings.2 Is this consistent
with the human capital or signaling model of education? Explain your answer fully.
¨ä¹ê³oÓì¦]®¼Â²³æªº....¨º´N¬O....¤½¥qµLªkª¾¹Dû¤u¦³¦h²Â....¤½¥q¬JµMµLªk¾a´¼¤O´úÅç¨Óª¾¹D¦Û¤vªºû¤uªº´¼°Ó....¦ÛµMµLªk¨Ì¾a´¼°Óµ¹û¤uÁ~¤ô....¤½¥q©Ò¯à¨Ì¾aªº¥u¦³±Ð¨|µ{«×¦Ó¤w.
(¤B):¦b¦P§ZÂùMLªº¬ã¨s¤¤«ü¥X,¨C¦h¤@¦~ªº±Ð¨|,Á~¤ô·|¦h¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¤».³oÓ¬ã¨s¤ñ¸û²Å¦X¤HÃþ¸ê²£¾Ç»¡©Î¬O¤ñ¸û²Å¦X«H¸¹¾Ç»¡?
In a study of identical twins, the researchers found that the rate of return on an additional
year of schooling was 16 percent.3 Is this consistent with the human capital or signaling
model of education? Explain your fully.
¥Ñ©ó¶±¥D¤£·|¤@¦¸¦P®É¶±¥Î¤@¹ïÂùML´À¥L¤u§@,©Ò¥H¶±¥D¦ÛµMµL±q±oª¾ÂùML¥i¥H¹F¨ìªº¾Ç¾úµ{«×,©Ò¥H¦ÛµM±o¥Î¼i¾úªí¤Wªº¾Ç¾ú¨Óµ¹¿ú.
|
2006/11/16
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¬Q¤Ñ¨¯Wªº´Á¤¤¦Ò...¦³¤@ÃD«Ü¤£©¯ªº...µª¿ù¤F...µª¿ùªºì¦]¨ì¤£¬O¦]¬°pºâ¿ù»~,¦Ó¬O§Ñ¤FÃD¥Øªºn¨D¬Opºâ¤j¾Ç¥Í²¦·~¥Í¸ò°ª¤¤²¦·~¥Í¦b¤G¤Q¤·³¨ì¤»¤Q¤·³¤¤ªºÁ~¤ô®t²§Á`¦X.....µª®×ºâ¥X¨Ó¤j·§¬O¤@¦Ê¤»¤Q¸U¬üª÷.....
°ª¤¤¤èµ{¦¡¬O(-42.32387)X^2+
(2127.192)X+ 11715.91
¤j¾Ç¤èµ{¦¡¬O(-95.47034)
X^2+ (4572.693)X+ 31458.17
(¤þ):ºâ¥X±q¤G¤Q¤·³¨ì¤»¤Q¤·³¤¤¶¡¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú¥i¥H¤ñ°ª¤¤¾Ç¾ú¦hÁȦh¤Ö¿ú?
Calculate the earnings premium in dollars that you would earn over the age 25-65 by
attaining a bachelor¡¦s degree. Hint: This calculation involves the use of calculus and is
probably best produced using an advanced calculator or some type of computer program
e.g. Mathcad. Show your work
³oÓ»ò....±on¥Î¿n¤À¨Ó¨D...´«¥y¸Ü»¡,´N¬O¦Û¤v¤T¨ì¥|¤Q¤T¦~ªº¤u§@¸gÅç
(-95.47034)
X^2+ (4572.693)X+ 31458.17³oÓ¤èµ{¦¡Åܦ¨¿n¤À....À³¸Ó´N¬O....
(¡ì43~3)
(-95.47034/3)X^3+(4572.693/2)X^2+31458.17X=[(-95.47034/3)(43^3)+(4572.693/2)(43^2)+31458.17*43]-[(-95.47034/3)(3^3)+(4572.693/2)(3^2)+31458.17*3=3049969.214-114092.3954=2935876.819
(-42.32387)X^2+
(2127.192)X+ 11715.91³oÓ¤èµ{¦¡Åܦ¨¿n¤À....À³¸Ó´N¬O....
(¡ì43~3) (-42.32387/3)X^3+(2127.192/2)X^2+11715.91X=[(-42.32387/3)(43^3)+(2127.192/2)(43^2)+11715.91*43]-[(-42.32387/3)(3^3)+(2127.192/2)(3^2)+11715.91*3=1348691.823-44339.17917=1304352.64413333
¨âªÌªº®t¶Z´N¬O2935876.819-1304352.64413333=1631524.1748
³oÃD¤j·§¨S¿ìªk®³º¡¤À¤F.....
¤µ¤Ñ¬Ýªº¬ã¨s³ø§i¬O"³Ò°Ê¥«³õ¤W¦]¬°²Îp²z½×©Ò²£¥Íªºª[µø"(Statistical
Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets). ³oÓ²z½×¬O´£¥X....¥Ñ©ó¤@¯ë¤HªºÆ[©À¤¤,¥Õ¤Hªº¥§¡¥Í²£¤O¤ñ¶Â¤H°ª....¦Ó¥Ñ©ó³oºØÆ[©ÀªºÃö«Y,´N¾ÉP¶±¥D·|°¾¦V¶±¥Î¥Õ¤H,¦]¬°¥Õ¤Hªº¥§¡¥Í²£¤O¤ñ¸û°ª.
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³oÓ¼Ò«¬¨ä¹êÁÙ®¼Â²³æªº.
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(1-A)¥Nªí°Ñ¦Ò¾ãÅé±Ú¸sªº¤ñ«.
W=(1-A)*SE(¥§¡¤J¾Ç®É¶¡)+A*S(Ó¤H¤J¾Ç®É¶¡)
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AB=¶Â¤HªºÓ¤H¾Ç¾ú¤ñ«. AW>AB
¦b¦Pµ¥¾Ç¾ú¤U,·í»Ýn±Ð¨|¤ô¥¤ñ¸û§Cªº¤u§@ªº®ÉÔ,¶Â¤HªºÁ~¤ô·|¤ñ¸û°ª,¤Ï¹L¨Ó»¡,·í»Ýn¤ñ¸û°ªªº±Ð¨|¤ô¥ªº®ÉÔ,¥Õ¤HªºÁ~¤ô·|¤ñ¸û°ª.
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|
2006/11/22
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¨k¤k¦b¦P¤@Ó¾¦ì»â¦P¼ËªºÁ~¤ôºâ¤£ºâ¬O¤@ºØ¤½¥¨S¦³ª[µø©O?
¦pªG¦b§¹¬üÄvª§ªº¥«³õ¤U,³Ò¤è¸ò¸ê¤è³£¦³§¹¬üªº¸ê°T³oÓ«e´£¤U....µo¥Í³oºØ¨Æ±¡....¦Ó¤@Ó¸gÀپǮa»¡³o¼Ë¨S°ÝÃD....¨ºÓ¸gÀپǮa¤@©w±`±`³Ü¥ñ¯S¥[...¦]¬°¤£¦P¤u¦P¹S¥u¦³¦b¦@²£¥D¸qªºªÀ·|¤¤¤~·|µo¥Í....
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¦]¬°¬O¥Î¦P¼Ëªº°_Á~(An),¸ò¦P¼ËªºÁ~¤ô¼W´T(Bm)´Nª½±µ¥Î¨k¥Íªº°Ñ¼ÆÈ.,¬é¦³³Ì«áªº¯à¤O°Ñ¼Æ¥Î¤k¥Íªº¥§¡È¦Ó¤w.
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³Ì«á,¦b§â[(Am-Af)+Xf(Bm-Bf)]/{[Bm*(Xm-Xf)]+[(Am-Af)+Xf(Bm-Bf)]]*100%´N¥i¥Hºâ¥X¦]¬°ª[µø©Ò¤Þ°_ªºÁ~¸ê®t²§¦³¦h¤Ö....
¦b¤W½Òªº®ÉÔ,±Ð±Âºâ¤F¤@¤U¶Â¤H¸ò¥Õ¤HªºÁ~¤ô®t²§...§â¤u§@¸gÅç,¾Ç¾ú,¸ò¬O§_¦³¥[¤J¤u·|¦C¤J¦Ò¶q.
µ²ªG...µo²{ª[µø¦Ê¤À¤ñ¹F¨ì89%....¾Ç¾ú¤è±,¶Â¤H¥u¤ñ¥Õ¤H¤Ö¤@ÂIÂI...¦ý¬O²Îp¸ê®Æ¤¤ªº¶Â¤H´¶¹M¤ñ¥Õ¤H¾Ö¦³§óªøªº¤u§@¸gÅç¸ò¤u·|°Ñ¥[²v.....¦ý¬O¶Â¤HªºÁ~¤ôÁÙ¬O¤ñ¥Õ¤H¤Ö....
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|
2006/11/28
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¸g¹L¤@¨Ç¼Æ¦r×¥¿¤§«á....¥X¥G·N®Æ¤§¥~ªº....¥Õ¤H¸ò¶Â¤HªºÁ~¤ô¶}©l²Å¦X¤F....§â¶Â¤H¸ò¥Õ¤Hªº¤u§@©Ê½è,ÁÙ¦³©Ê§O¦C¤J¦Ò¶q¤§«á,¶Â¤H¸ò¥Õ¤HªºÁ~¤ô¦]¬°ª[µø¦Ó²£¥Íªº³¡¤À,±q¥»¨Óªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤K¤Q¤E¥ª¥k,¤U°¨ì¦Ê¤À¤§¤T¤Q¤T....´«¥y¸Ü»¡...¦pªG±N§ó¦hªº¦]¯À¦C¤J¦Ò¶q....³oÓ®t¶Z·|¦A¦¸´î¤Ö¶Ü?
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2006/12/01
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juhn, Kevin M. Mrtphy, Brooks Pierce)©Ò¼gªº"¥Ñ§Þ¯à®t²§©Ò¤Þ°_ªºÁ~¤ô®t¶Zªº¼Wªø."(Wage
Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill).
³o¥÷³ø§i¬O¥Î¬ü°ê¦¬¤J³»ºÝªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤E¤Q¸ò¦Ê¤À¤§¤¤Q,ÁÙ¦³¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q³o¤T¦U±Ú¸s¨Ó°Ï¤À.
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³o¸Ìªº¦¬¤J¬O«ü¤u§@¦¬¤J,´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¥u¦³¤W¯Zªº¦¬¤J¤~ºâ.
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¦¬¤J«h¬O¤£¤W¤£¤U....¦¬¤J¦Ê¤À¤§¤Qªº¨º¨Ç¤H....¨ì¤F¤@¤E¤K¤¦~...Á~¤ô«h¤U°¤F¨ì¤ñ¤@¤E¤»¤¦~ÁÙ§Cªºµ{«×....
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³o¥÷³ø§i¤]«ÜºÉ³dªº¦P¼Ë¦~ÄÖ¼hªº¤u§@ªÌ§@¥X¤ñ¸û....µ²ªGµo²{...³o¦U²{¶H¤@¼Ë¥X²{µÛ¤£¦Pªº¦~ÄÖ¼h....
³o¦ü¥G¤]¥NªíµÛ´x´¤µÛ§Þ¯àªº,¦pªG§Þ¯à¶Vµ}¦³,¶V·m¤â...Á~¤ô¶V°ª....
³o¥÷¬ã¨s©ê¾a¬Ý¨ì³o¸Ì...¤pÀn¤£¸T·Q°_¤F¬ü°ê¾´Î²yûªºÁ~¤ô...¦ü¥G¤]¦³Ãþ¦üªºª¬ªp....¥i¥H»¡¬ü°ê¾´Î´N¬O¤@¦UÁY¤pª©¥»ªº³Ò¤u¥«³õ§a!
|
2006/12/13
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³o¬O¤]²¤Æ¦¨¥u¦³ºâ¶Â¤H¸ò¥Õ¤H. ¤£¹Lµo²{¦³½ìªº¨Æ±¡...¨º´N¬OÁöµMÁöµM¥Õ¤H¸ò¶Â¤Hªº¥§¡Á~¤ô¬Ý°_¨Ó¦n¹³®t¤£¦h....¥i¬O¶Â¤HªºÁ~¤ô¨ì¤@©w´T«×¥H¤W....´N¤É¤£¤W¥h¤F...´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¦³Ãþ¦ü"¬Á¼þ«Î³»"ªº®ÄÀ³...Åý¶Â¤HªºÁ~¤ô°±º¢¦b¬YÓ¼h«×....¨ä¥Lªºnµ¥¤pÀn§â¸ê®Æ¾ã²z¦n....
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2006/12/14
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ....´Á¥½¦Ò....¤Wºô§ä¦a¹Ï.....§ä¨ì¤F¦a¹Ï¤§«á...´N¶}©l´ÂµÛ¥Ø¼Ð¥Î¸}½ñ¨®«e¶i.....·d¤F¤@Ó¦h¤p®É¤~¨ì....
¨ì¤F²{³õ...´N¶}©l³Ü°à°s...¦Y©ÜÂÄ.....
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·|¦³³o¤@¦¸ªº»EÀ\¥Dn¬O±Ð±Â¨M©wªº....¤@¶}©l¦bµ¥©ÜÂĤW¨Ó¤§«e,¤j®a´N¶}©l´£n¦¡ªº¨Æµoªí¦Û¤vªº½×¤å³ø§i....
¤pÀnªº½×¤å¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¬O®¼Â²³æªº,¥Dn¨Ó»¡´N¬O«·sÃÒ¹ê¤F"¬Á¼þ¤ÑªáªO"(Glass
Ceiling)³oºØªF¦è.
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2006/12/15
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47.56% |
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2006/12/16
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37261.01 |
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97220.69 |
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23920.27 |
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60490.98 |
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3254.55 |
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26770.80 |
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23890.34 |
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17662.50 |
149.58% |
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¦ý¬O¦pªG¾Ç¦ì¬On§ë¸êªº....¨º«ç»ò¼Ëªº§ë¸ê¤~¬O³Ì¦³®Äªº©O?¥H«n¤è¥Õ¤H¨Ó»¡,±q°ª¤¤¨ì¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¥i¥HÀò±o³Ì¤jªºÁ~¤ô¼W´Tªº´T«×,¦Ó«n¤è¶Â¤H«h¤@ª½©À¨ì¶W¹LºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ì¤§«á¦³³Ì°ªªº¦¬¤J¦¨ªø´T«×.
¦è¤è¥Õ¤H¸ò¦è¤è¶Â¤H¤]¬O¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ìªº®ÉÔ,Á~¤ô¦³³Ì¤j´T«×ªº¼WÈ.
¥HÁ~¤ô´T«×¨Ó»¡,¦è¤è¶Â¤H¬Æ¦Ü¤£¤jÀ³¸Ó¥h©À¨ì¶W¹LºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ì....¦]¬°Á~¤ôº¦´T¹ê¦b¬O¤Ó¤p¤F....´X¥G¨S¦³ÅÜ°Ê....·íµM....³o¥÷³ø§i¦³¦U³ÌÃöÁ䪺¯ÊÂI....¼Ë¥»¼Æ¥Ø¤£°÷¤j.....¤£¹L©À¨ì¶W¹L¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ìªº¤H¥»¨Ó´N¤£«ç»ò¦h....
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2006/12/17
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤ÑÁ`ºâ¨ì¤F¤pÀn³ø§iªº«ÀYÀ¸¤F...¨º´N¬O"¬Á¼þ¤ÑªáªO"(Glass
Ceiling).¤U±³o¤@³¹ªí®æ¬O¹w´ú¤H̪º¥i¯à¦~¦¬¤J¬O¦h¤Ö....¦pªG¥Î5%¨Ó·í¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô,´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¦pªG¨º¦UÁ~¤ôµ¥¯Åªº¤ñ²v§C©ó5%,¥Nªí¤£¬O³oÓ¤HºØªº±Ð¨|µ{«×¥i¯à¥i¥H¥ø¯Åªº¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô¨Ó¬Ý¤F¸Ü!
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Gats)ªºÁ~¤ô,¤]¤£¬O¨CÓ°ª¤¤¥Í³£¥i¥H¥h¥´¬ü°ê¾ÄxµM«áÁȤ@¤jµ§¿ú....©Ò¥H¤pÀn¥Î5%¨Ó·í¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô,´«¥y¸Ü»¡¬O³oÓ½§¦â¸ò¾Ç¾ú¥i¯à¦¬¨ì³Ì°ªªºÁ~¤ô,¦Ó¥Î50%¨Ó·í¤¤¶¡Á~¤ô,¤]´N¬O©Ò¿×¤@¯ë¤H¥i¯à¥i¥H¦¬¨ìªº»ù®æ....±µµÛ´Nµo²{¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªº¨Æ±¡!
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«n¤è¥Õ¤H |
«n¤è¶Â¤H |
¦è³¡¥Õ¤H |
¦è³¡¶Â¤H |
1-10000 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
10001-20000 |
93.67% |
91.18% |
93.48% |
100.00% |
96.94% |
96.13% |
97.46% |
96.77% |
20001-30000 |
61.39% |
50.00% |
58.39% |
33.33% |
79.51% |
67.78% |
83.19% |
70.97% |
30001-40000 |
30.38% |
17.65% |
25.47% |
0.00% |
52.89% |
37.89% |
59.51% |
41.94% |
40001-50000 |
15.19% |
6.86% |
12.73% |
0.00% |
32.48% |
18.81% |
39.16% |
22.58% |
50001-60000 |
7.28% |
2.94% |
4.66% |
0.00% |
18.71% |
10.31% |
22.68% |
12.90% |
60001-70000 |
4.11% |
1.96% |
1.86% |
0.00% |
10.20% |
5.93% |
13.27% |
3.23% |
70001-80000 |
2.22% |
0.98% |
0.93% |
0.00% |
6.89% |
2.84% |
8.85% |
0.00% |
80001-90000 |
0.95% |
0.00% |
0.93% |
0.00% |
4.59% |
1.55% |
4.98% |
0.00% |
90001-100000 |
0.95% |
0.00% |
0.31% |
0.00% |
3.23% |
1.03% |
3.98% |
0.00% |
100001-110000 |
0.63% |
0.00% |
0.31% |
0.00% |
1.87% |
0.26% |
2.21% |
0.00% |
110001-120000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1.28% |
0.26% |
1.88% |
0.00% |
120001-130000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.85% |
0.26% |
1.77% |
0.00% |
130001-140000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.60% |
0.26% |
1.77% |
0.00% |
140001-150000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.60% |
0.00% |
1.66% |
0.00% |
150001-160000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.09% |
0.00% |
1.33% |
0.00% |
160001-170000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.09% |
0.00% |
1.33% |
0.00% |
170001-180000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1.11% |
0.00% |
180001-190000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1.11% |
0.00% |
190001-200000 |
0.32% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.88% |
0.00% |
2000001~~ |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.66% |
0.00% |
¾Ç¾ú |
¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì |
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¦~Á~ |
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¦è³¡¶Â¤H |
«n¤è¥Õ¤H |
«n¤è¶Â¤H |
¦è³¡¥Õ¤H |
¦è³¡¶Â¤H |
1-10000 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
10001-20000 |
99.50% |
99.38% |
97.89% |
97.14% |
99.44% |
100.00% |
98.93% |
100.00% |
20001-30000 |
95.49% |
93.21% |
93.98% |
91.43% |
98.32% |
100.00% |
95.73% |
100.00% |
30001-40000 |
83.58% |
83.95% |
86.14% |
74.29% |
94.69% |
97.33% |
91.46% |
100.00% |
40001-50000 |
69.42% |
63.58% |
72.89% |
54.29% |
82.96% |
85.33% |
80.43% |
100.00% |
50001-60000 |
57.77% |
38.89% |
59.79% |
42.86% |
68.99% |
66.67% |
66.55% |
90.91% |
60001-70000 |
44.86% |
28.40% |
49.40% |
34.29% |
57.54% |
49.33% |
54.09% |
54.55% |
70001-80000 |
35.09% |
19.14% |
40.21% |
20.00% |
51.12% |
41.33% |
41.64% |
45.45% |
80001-90000 |
26.57% |
14.20% |
31.78% |
17.14% |
41.34% |
26.67% |
33.81% |
36.36% |
90001-100000 |
22.68% |
10.49% |
25.60% |
11.43% |
36.31% |
18.67% |
26.69% |
27.27% |
100001-110000 |
17.29% |
3.70% |
18.83% |
8.57% |
26.82% |
12.00% |
20.28% |
27.27% |
110001-120000 |
14.29% |
1.85% |
14.76% |
8.57% |
23.46% |
10.67% |
14.95% |
27.27% |
120001-130000 |
11.15% |
1.23% |
11.45% |
5.71% |
19.83% |
8.00% |
11.74% |
27.27% |
130001-140000 |
9.52% |
0.62% |
9.94% |
5.71% |
16.76% |
4.00% |
9.25% |
18.18% |
140001-150000 |
7.89% |
0.62% |
8.73% |
5.71% |
15.64% |
1.33% |
9.25% |
9.09% |
150001-160000 |
5.01% |
0.00% |
5.87% |
5.71% |
11.45% |
1.33% |
5.69% |
9.09% |
160001-170000 |
4.51% |
0.00% |
4.97% |
5.71% |
10.34% |
1.33% |
4.27% |
9.09% |
170001-180000 |
4.14% |
0.00% |
4.67% |
5.71% |
8.66% |
1.33% |
3.91% |
9.09% |
180001-190000 |
3.63% |
0.00% |
3.92% |
5.71% |
7.82% |
1.33% |
2.49% |
9.09% |
190001-200000 |
3.38% |
0.00% |
3.46% |
5.71% |
7.54% |
0.00% |
2.49% |
9.09% |
2000001~~ |
2.51% |
0.00% |
2.71% |
2.86% |
5.59% |
0.00% |
1.78% |
0.00% |
¾Ç¾ú |
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¦~Á~ |
«n¤è¥Õ¤H |
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¦è³¡¥Õ¤H |
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1-10000 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
10001-20000 |
97.65% |
93.75% |
99.12% |
100.00% |
20001-30000 |
95.29% |
87.50% |
97.37% |
100.00% |
30001-40000 |
91.76% |
87.50% |
95.61% |
100.00% |
40001-50000 |
90.59% |
68.75% |
89.47% |
100.00% |
50001-60000 |
82.35% |
56.25% |
82.46% |
100.00% |
60001-70000 |
74.12% |
56.25% |
73.68% |
80.00% |
70001-80000 |
68.82% |
50.00% |
64.91% |
80.00% |
80001-90000 |
62.94% |
50.00% |
55.26% |
40.00% |
90001-100000 |
56.47% |
50.00% |
50.00% |
40.00% |
100001-110000 |
51.18% |
43.75% |
42.98% |
20.00% |
110001-120000 |
44.71% |
31.25% |
37.72% |
20.00% |
120001-130000 |
41.76% |
25.00% |
30.70% |
20.00% |
130001-140000 |
36.47% |
12.50% |
23.68% |
20.00% |
140001-150000 |
31.18% |
12.50% |
20.18% |
20.00% |
150001-160000 |
24.71% |
12.50% |
14.91% |
0.00% |
160001-170000 |
23.53% |
12.50% |
13.16% |
0.00% |
170001-180000 |
21.76% |
12.50% |
13.16% |
0.00% |
180001-190000 |
18.82% |
12.50% |
13.16% |
0.00% |
190001-200000 |
15.88% |
12.50% |
11.40% |
0.00% |
2000001~~ |
12.94% |
12.50% |
8.77% |
0.00% |
±q¤W±ªºªí®æ¥i¥Hµo²{,·í¾Ç¾ú¶V°ª,¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô¸ò¤¤¶¡Á~¤ôªº®t²§¶V¤j!
¶}©l»{¯u«ä¦Ò...À³¸Ó®³¥þ¬ü°êªº¤H¤f¨Ó°µ³o¥÷µû¶q...³Ì«á¦A¨Ì¿à"¶ø«¢¥d¤½¦¡"(Oaxage
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2006/12/18
(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)...ºÎ¤£µÛ...¦b§É¤Wºu¨Óºu¥h.....¬ðµM«Ü¦n©_...¦b¬ü°ê...¨ì©³¬OºØ±Ú(¶Â¤H¥Õ¤H)¤§¶¡ªºª[µø¤ñ¸û¤j....ÁÙ¬O©Ê§O(¨k¤k)¤§¶¡ªºª[µø¶ZÂ÷¤ñ¸û¤j©O?
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³o¦¸¶¶«K¤]³Ð³y¤@¤U¦a°ì°Ñ¼Æ.
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0.0447625 |
21.94318 |
0.0321828 |
22.26201 |
0.0494603 |
21.59593 |
0.0573205 |
22.07 |
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-0.0007398 |
622.1615 |
-0.0004631 |
637.1602 |
-0.0008434 |
600.1084 |
-0.0014091 |
616.6 |
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0.092743 |
13.51509 |
0.1000013 |
13.37692 |
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0.1245296 |
0.0706843 |
0.1225851 |
0.1000991 |
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0.1518987 |
0.262878 |
0.2614379 |
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0.54255 |
0.1703137 |
0.4796414 |
0.1199397 |
0.5954723 |
0.1693874 |
0.1213483 |
0.1629116 |
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0.3592231 |
0.2122331 |
0.3494391 |
0.1918532 |
0.3643204 |
0.1846238 |
0.1140734 |
0.1958406 |
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0.2168098 |
0.1071052 |
0.1552238 |
0.0699019 |
0.2982875 |
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0.067591 |
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0.1724463 |
0.1379515 |
0.225655 |
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0.2696564 |
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0.2253033 |
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0.051206 |
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0.2562862 |
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0.0108831 |
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0.1721408 |
0.0788953 |
0.109205 |
0.0374654 |
0.2861881 |
0.0849658 |
0.1784926 |
0.0363951 |
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0.2105306 |
0.0470604 |
0.3539066 |
0.027659 |
0.2764463 |
0.0452425 |
0.3012948 |
0.0190641 |
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0.1490512 |
0.0722383 |
0.1083568 |
0.0912748 |
0.2438037 |
0.0596238 |
0.7575687 |
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0.0609676 |
0.0502241 |
0.0521146 |
0.0769424 |
0.1550633 |
0.0581468 |
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-0.3530019 |
0.4280253 |
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0.5675132 |
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0.4032183 |
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0.5268631 |
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8.601095 |
|
8.501621 |
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8.579023 |
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9.003932 |
|
|
2006/12/19
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2007/03/11
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