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2006/08/25

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2006/08/31

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¦³®É­Ôı±o.....¦b¤W"³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ"(Labor Economy),±Ð±Â»¡­n°µ¤@¥÷³ø§i.....¥H«á¾Ç®Õ¤j·§·|Åý¦³°µ³ø§i¦Ó²¦·~ªº¸gÀÙ¨t¾Ç¥Í¦b²¦·~ÃҮѤW­±¦³¨Ç³\ªº¤£¤@¼Ë.....

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2006/09/01

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤£¤@¼ËªºÁ~¤ô,¤£¤@¼Ëªº¤u§@©Ê½è,¥i¯à·|¦³¤£¤@¼Ëªºµ²ªG.....¤@­Ó¤p®É¤­¤Q¶ô¿ú¬üª÷ªºÁ~¤ô¸ò¤@­Ó¤p®É¤T¶ô¿úªºÁ~¤ô,­þ­Ó¤ñ¸û»¤¤H? ¦©±¼Á~¤ô,¨ä¹ê¤u§@¤º®e¦³®É­Ô¤]·|¼vÅT¤H­Ìªº¤u§@·NÄ@!

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2006/09/07

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤k¤H¯¸°_¨Ó¤F!....³Ì¤Ö¦b¬ü°ê....®Ú¾Ú²Î­p¼Æ¦r«ü¥X....¤k¤H­Ì,¤w¸g¯¸°_¨Ó¤F! ¤k©Ê¥D¸qªÌ©Ò°l¨Dªº®É¥N²×©óºCºC¨ÓÁ{¤F! ¬Û«H,¤£¤[¤§«á,¥xÆW¤]·|¨«¤W³o±ø¸ô§a!

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2006/09/12

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)³Ìªñ¦b­pºâªºªF¦è³æ¦ì³£®¼¤pªº......¤p¨ì....·í¥Î"°jÂk"(Regression)¨Ó­pºâ°Ñ¼Æ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Yªº®É­Ô,±`±`·|µo¥Í....¿W¥ß°Ñ¼Æ¼W¥[¤@ªº®É­Ô....¨Ì¿à°Ñ¼Æ±`±`¥u§ïÅܤ@ÂIÂI....³o®É­Ô´N¥i¥H³z¹L"¹ï¼Æ"(Logarithm)¨Ó¸Ñ¨M. ¦]¬°¨Ï¥Î¹ï¼Æªº®É­Ô¥i¥Hºâ¥X¬Û¹ïªº¦Ê¤À¤ñÅܤÆ. ³o®É­Ô´N¥i¥Hºâ¥X,¨C¦h¤@­Ó¤p«Ä,¤u§@®É¶¡·|¼W¥[¦h¤Öªº¦Ê¤À¤ñ.....ÁöµM¼Æ¦rÁÙ¬O®¼¤pªº.....¦ý¬OÁ`¤ñ¹ï¼Æ¤§«e¤j....¤£¹L¨Ï¥Îªº®É­Ô­nª`·Nªº´N¬O....¤£¬O©Ò¦³ªº³æ¦ì³£¥i¥H¥Î¹ï¼Æ¨ÓÅܦ¨¦Ê¤À¤ñªº....¹³´N¤£«ç»ò¾A¦X­pºâ....Á~¤ô¼W¥[¤@¦Ê¶ô¿ú¬üª÷,·|Åý¤H¼W¥[¦Ê¤À¤§´Xªº¤p«Ä.....¤]«ÜÃø¨Ó­pºâ¨C¦Ê¤À¤§´Xªº±Ð¨|·|¼W¥[¦h¤ÖÁ~¤ô.....ÁöµM¼Æ¾Ç¤W¬O¦¨¥ßªº...¦ý¬O¸ÑÄÀ°_¨Ó·|«Ü¹û§á....¤£¹L¦b­pºâªº®É­Ô¤]µo²{¤@¥ó¦³½ìªº¨Æ±¡....¨º´N¬O....¥[¦{¤H¹ï¤p«Äªº±¡·P¤ñ¸ûÁ¡®z? ¦]¬°¥[¦{¤H¦b¦³¤p«Äªº®É­Ô,¤u§@ªº®É¶¡¨ü¼vÅTªº¤ñ¨Ò«Ü¤p,¤£¹³¬ü°ê¨ä¥L¦{ªº¤H¼vÅT¨º»ò¤j....·íµM,³o¥u¬O¤@­Ó¥­§¡­È,¤£¯à¥Nªí³æ¤@­ÓÅé,¦ý¬O¦h¤Ö¤]¥i¥H¥NªíµÛ¤@¨Ç´¶¹Mªº²{¶H.

2006/09/19

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¦b«ä¦ÒµÛ....¸gÀپǪº±MÃD­n¤£­n°µ¦³Ãö¬ü°ê¤£¦PºØ±Ú¦b±Ð¨|§ë¸ê¤Wªº¦^¦¬¬O§_¬Û¦P.....³o¼ËªºÃD¥Ø¤£ª¾¹D·|¤£·|¤Ó¹L©óµL²á? ©Î¬O¹L©ó²³æ?

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2006/09/26

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³o¤j·§´N¬O®z¶Õ¹ÎÅ骺¿ò¾Ñ§a.....¦pªG§â³o­Ó·í¦¨¬Fªv¾Ç¨Ó¤W....¨º»ò³o­Ó¦ûÁ`¤H¤f¦Ê¤À¤§¹sÂI¤G¤­ªº¤p¹ÎÅé....¦pªG¤£¹Îµ²¤F¸Ü....«Ü¦h¸ò¥L­Ì¤Á¨­¦³Ãöªºªk®×....¥i¯à´N³o»òµLÃöºò­nªº®ø³u,©Î¬O®Ú¥»¤£·|³Q´£¥X¤F.....¤£¹L¸ò¸gÀپǤW°ß¤@ªº¤£¦Pªº¬O....¦pªG...³o­Ó¤p¹ÎÅé°÷¹Îµ²,¥i¥H¦¨¬°©Ò¿×ªº"ÃöÁä¤Ö¼Æ"¤F¸Ü....¨º»ò¥L­ÌªºÁn­µÁÙ¬O¦³¥i¯à³QÅ¥¨ìªº....´«¥y¸Ü¨Ó»¡,®z¶Õ¹ÎÅé·Q­nÅܦ¨¬Û¹ï±j¶Õ´N±o±H±æ¤@­Ó¤£Ã­©wªº¤jÀô¹Ò,¦Ó¥B¨C­Ó¶Õ¤Oªº¤O¶q³£¬ù²¤§¡µ¥,³o¼Ë¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó¶Õ¤O³£¥i¯à¦]¬°³o·L¤pªº¶Õ¤Oªº¥[¤J,¦Ó¼vÅT¾ã­ÓÅv§Q¥­¿Åªºª¬ºAªº®É­Ô,³o"ÃöÁä¤Ö¼Æ"ªºÁn­µ¬Û¹ïªº´N·|³Q©ñ¤j¤F.....´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¶V¤Àµõ,¤Ö¼Æ¤H¶V®e©ö¦¨¥\ªº¹F¨ì¦Û¤vªº¶D¨D. ¬°¤F¹F¨ì¦Û¤vªº¶D¨D,¾A«×ªºÅý¤j¹ÎÅé¤Àµõ¬O¹ï¦Û¤v¦³§Qªº!

2006/09/28

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)ªÀ·|¤¤»Ý­n¤H¨Ó¤u§@¶Ü?.....´£ª@°ò¥»¤u¸ê¹ï¤H­Ìªº¥Í¬¡·|¦³¤°»ò¼vÅT©O? ¤H¸ò¾÷¾¹ªº®t²§¦b­þ¸Ì©O? ¦b©ó¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¸ò³Ð³y¾ã¦X¯à¤O......¥ô¦ó¤u§@¦pªG¥¢¥h¤F³o¤è­±ªºªF¦è....³Q¨ú¥Nªº¾÷·|´N¬Û¹ïªº·|¤ñ¸û°ª....

¦b«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«e...¦³­Ó¤u§@¥s°µ¹q¸ÜÂà±µ­û,¥H«e¥´¹q¸Ü¬O­n¥´¨ì¹q¸ÜÁ`§½µM«á½Ð¥L­ÌÂà±µ¨ì.....¶Ç»¡...ÀnÅQÁÙ·|¥´¹q¸Üµ¹¹q¸ÜÂà±µ­û²á¤Ñ.....³o­Ó¤u§@²{¦b¤w¸g³Q¹q¸Ü³B²z¾÷¨ú¥N¤F.....¥H«e®a¸Ì­±ªº¶Ä¤Hªº¤u§@¤]¤j³¡¤À³Q¬~¦ç¾÷,§l¹Ð¾¹©Ò¥N´À¤F....²{¦bÁÙ¦³´X¥G¬O¥þ¦Û°Êªº²M¼ä¾÷¾¹¤W¥«.....

·í°ò¥»¤u¸ê´£°ªªº®É­Ô,³o¤@Ãþ¤u§@ªº¾÷¾¹¬ãµoªº¥«³õ§Q¯q´N¶}©l´£°ª....¤H­Ì·|¶}©lÄ@·N¥h¬ãµo¾÷¾¹¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¨Ç¤H¤u....²{¦b³s«ÈªA,»È¦æÂdÂiªºÂd­û¸ò¥[ªo¯¸ªº¤p§Ì³£¶}©l¥i¥H³Q¨ú¥N¤F.....

´«¥y¸Ü¨Ó»¡....´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê.....ªø®É¶¡¨Ó»¡....®Ú¥»´N¬OÅý§C§Þ¯àªº¤u§@ªÌªº¤u§@³Q¾÷¾¹©Ò¨ú¥N¦Ó¤w.....ºâ¬O¤@ºØ¶¼øl¤î´÷ªº¦æ¬°.....°¾°¾³o­Ó¤è®×¤S«Ü®e©ö³Q¼s¤jªº§C§Þ¯à¤u§@ªÌ©Ò±µ¨ü....¦]¬°µu®É¶¡¨Ó¬Ý½T¹ê¬O¤£¿ùªº¬Fµ¦,¦]¬°¸ê¤è,¨S¿ìªk¹j¤Ñ´N¥Í¥X¤@­Ó¾÷¾¹¥X¨Ó....¦ý¬O¥Hªø´Á¨Ó»¡,³o­Óªk®×¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡¬O¦æ¤£³qªº......¤£µM¬ü°ê¸ò¥xÆWªº³Ò¤O±K¶°»s³y·~´N¤£¸Ó²¾°Ê¨ì¤@¨Ç¤H¤u¤ñ¸û«K©yªº¦a¤è¤F....¦ÓÀ³¸Ó·|¯d¦b­ì¨Óªº¦a¤è¤~¬O. °¾°¾....³o´N¬O¬Fªv¸ò¸gÀپǵLªk·¾³qªº¦a¤è....²¦³º¿ï²¼¸ò¶r²¼¤¤¶¡ÁÙ¬O¦³¤@¨Ç®t¶Z.....¦Ó¤H­ÌÁ`¬O³ßÅw¬Ý°_¨Ó§K¶OªºªF¦è....

2006/10/01

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¶}©l¦b©À¾Ç³N³ø§i.....µÛ¦Wªº¬ü°ê°ò¥»¤u¸êªº¾Ç³N¬ã¨s³ø§i"°ò¥»¤u¸ê¹ï³t­¹²£·~ªº¼vÅT"(The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Fast-Food Industry)....³o¤]ºâ¬O¤pÀn²Ä¤@¥÷¥J²Ó¬ãŪªº¸gÀپdzN³ø§i§a.....ºâ°_¨ÓÁÙ¯u¬O®¼²Vªº.....§@ªÌ¬O"³Ò­Û´µ"(Lawrence F. Katz),¸ò"¦ã­Û"(Alan B. Krueger)¨â¦ì±Ð±Â©Ò°µªº³ø§i.

³o¥÷³ø§i¥D­n¬O°w¹ï¦b¤@¤E¤E¹s¦~¥|¤ë¤@¸¹·M¤H¸`ªº®É­Ô,¬ü°ê¨M©w´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤@¨Æ,¦Ó³t­¹²£·~¹ï©ó³o¥ó¨Æ±¡ªº¤ÏÀ³¬°¦ó? ¨ä¹ê¤pÀn¦³ÂI§@¹úªº·Pı....¦]¬°³o­Ó³ø§iªº¥D­n­«ÂI¦b¤W­Ó¾Ç´Á¤W"¶i¶¥·LÆ[¸gÀÙ"(Intermediate Micro Economy)ªº®É­Ô,±Ð±Â´N¦³´£¹L³o­Ó¾Ç³N³ø§i¤F. ³ø§iªºµ²½×¬O....´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤£·|±a¨Ó¤@¨Ç¥»¨Ó¸gÀپǮa»{¬°·|¥X²{ªº«á¿ò¯g,¥]§tª«»ù¤Wº¦,¥¢·~²v´£°ªµ¥µ¥ªº«á¿ò¯g.....

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2006/10/07

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)´N¬O...¨º¹D¥ú...«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«e...."¨º³\"(Nash)»¡¹L..."Áɧ½²z½×"(Game Theory)´N¸ò·R¦]´µ©Zªº¬Û¹ï½×¤@¼Ë,¬O¦b¸É¥R¦³ªº¸gÀÙ²z½×©Ò¤£¨¬¤§³B.....

¤µ¤Ñ¤W³Ò¤u¸gÀÙªº®É­Ô,¥þ¯Z¤@°_¬ÝµÛ"³Ì§CÁ~¸ê¹ï³t­¹²£·~ªº¼vÅT"(The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Fast-Food Industry)ªº®É­Ô....³o¤À¥Ñ"³Ò­Û´µ"(Lawrence F Katz)¸ò"¦ã­Û"(Alan B. Kreger)©Ò¼gªºµÛ¦W³ø§i.....

¤@¶}©l¬Ý³o¥÷³ø§iªº®É­Ô....·Pı¹ê¦b¬O«Ü¸Þ²§....®Ú¾Ú³o¥÷³ø§i«ü¥X,"·í°ò¥»¤u¸ê´£°ªªº®É­Ô,´N·~¾÷·|¤]·|¸òµÛ¼W¥[.","¦P®É³o­Ó¼Wªø¬O¦b²Î­p¾Ç¤W¦³·N¸qªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Qªº¶¥¯Å.","±×²v¥i¥H¹F¨ì¤@ÂI¤C¨ì¤@ÂI¤K¤­ªºµ{«×...¥Nªí¬O¥Ñ¥ª¦V¥k©¹¤W´£ª@ªº¥¿¦V¦±½u.","¦Ê¤À¤§¤Qªº°ò¥»¤u¸ê´£°ª,¹w¦ô¥i¥H±a¨Ó¦Ê¤À¤§¤G¤Q¤­ªº¤u§@¾÷·|´£ª@.","³o¥÷³ø§i«ü¥X¤½¥q·|¥H­Ý¾­û¤u¨ú¥N¥þ¾­û¤u.","³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¤]¦P¼Ë¦³µÛ«Ü¤jªº»~®t©Ê.","¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¥i¥H¦P®É¼W¥[¤u¸ê¸ò¤u§@¾÷·|.",¹w­p³o­Ó¿W¶R®ÄªG¬Oµu´Áªº(¦b¤K­Ó¤ëªº®É¶¡¤º)."....¬ÝµÛ³o¥÷³ø§i...¸ò¤@¶}©l©Àªº¸gÀپǦü¥G¦³³o«Ü¦h¤£²Å¦Xªº¦a¤è....®Ú¾Ú³o¥÷³ø§i«ü¥X,·|²£¥Í³o­Ó°ÝÃD,¬O¦]¬°³o¬O¤@ºØ"¿W¶R¥«³õ"(Monophony)ªºÃö«Y. ¦]¬°¥u¦³¤@­Ó¶R®a,©Ò¥H¦ÛµM¥i¥H±±¨î»ù®æ....

¦A¬Ý¬Ý³o¨â¦ì«¢¦ò¥X¨­ªº±Ð±Â¬°¤°»ò¿ï³t­¹²£·~? ¦]¬°³o­Ó²£·~¦³µÛ"°ªÄvª§","°ª¤H­û¬y°Ê²v"¦P®É¸p©ó"§C§Þ¯à¤u§@ªÌ"´N¥i¥H³Ó¥ô.

³o¨Ç½u¯Á....ºCºC¦b¤pÀn¸£¤¤³sµ²¦b¤@°_.....·Q¨ì¤F....."¥Ñ©ó¸ê¥»§ë¸ê´£ª@,©Ò¥H¥i¥H±N°ª»ù¦ìªº³Ò¤u¸ê»º,¦Ó¥h¹µ¥Î§C»ù¦ìªº³Ò¤u"....¹³¬O³Á·í³Ò§â¤@­Ó°ªÁ~¼p®v¶}°£,½Ð¤F´X­Ó®³°ò¥»Á~¸êªº°ª¤¤²¦·~¥Í¨Ó°µº~³ù.....´£°ª¸ê¥»¾÷¾¹¤è­±ªº§ë¸ê,¥Î¸ê¥»¨Ó¨ú¥N°ª»ù¦ìªº¤H¤O....¦P®É¥H¥¢·~²v¨Ó¬Ý....°²³]¤@­Ó°ªÁ~¼p®vªºÁ~¤ôµ¥©ó¤Q­Ó°ò¥»¤u¸êªº°ª¤¤²¦·~¥Í....¨º¶}°£¤@­Ó°ªÁ~¼p®v,µM«á¦h½Ð¥|­Ó°ò¥»¤u¸êªº°ª¤¤²¦·~¥Í¥Î¾÷¾¹¨Ó»s§@º~³ù....½T¹ê¥i¥H¹F¨ì­°§C¥¢·~²vªº®ÄªG.....¥Ñ³o¥÷³ø§iªº¹Ïªí¤¤¥i¥Hµo²{,¦pªGÁ~¤ô°ª©ó³Ì§CÁ~¸êªº­û¤u,´N·~²v¤Ï¦Ó·|¤U­°.¦Ó¤§«eÁ~¤ô§C©ó½Õ¾ã«áªº³Ì§CÁ~¸êªº­û¤u¥¢·~²v¤~·|¤U­°....¦ü¥G¤]¥NªíµÛ°ªÁ~­û¤u³Q§CÁ~­û¤u¸ò¾÷¾¹¨ú¥NµÛ....·Q¦¨¬ü°êªº¤u¼t¾E²¾¨ì¶V«n©Î¬O¤j³°´N¬O¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l.....

¦Ó¥B¥Ñ©ó§C§Þ¯àªº¤u§@ªÌ¤Ó¦h,¨Ñµ¹¤j¤jªº¶W¹L»Ý¨D,©Ò¥H¤£»Ý­n´£°ªÁ~¤ô´N¥i¥H¦³¨¬°÷ªº³Ì§CÁ~¸êªº³Ò¤u...¦P®É°ª¤H­û¬y°Ê²v¤]¥Nªí­û¤u«Ü®e©ö³Q¨ú¥N. ¦Ó°ªÄvª§¬O¥Nªí²£·~Ävª§,¤£¥Nªí»Ý­nÂy¤HÀY¨ÓÄvª§¤H¤~....¤Ï¹L¨Ó»¡,¥Ñ©ó¬O¤@­Ó°ªÄvª§ªº²£·~,³t­¹²£·~¥²¶·­n­°§C¦¨¥»....¨º­n«ç»ò­°§C¦¨¥»©O? ¦ÛµM¬O¾¨¶q¥Î°ò¥»Á~¸ê¨Ó¹µ¥Î­û¤u. ´«¥y¸Ü¨Ó»¡,³o®É­Ô¥Ñ©ó°²³]Ä@·N®³³Ì§CÁ~¸êªº¤u§@¤H¤f«Ü¦hªº«e´£¤U,¦P®É¦³¤H­ûªº°ª¬y°Ê²v¨Ó¤ä´©³o­Ó«e´£,³t­¹²£·~¦ÛµM·|¶É¦V­n­û¤u¥u®³³Ì§CÁ~¸ê. ´«¥y¸Ü¨Ó»¡,³o¬O³t­¹²£·~¸gÀçªÌªº³Ì¦nµ¦²¤.

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2006/10/10

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ¤@¤f®ð¤W½Òªº®É­Ô¬Ý¤F¤T¥÷¸gÀپdzø§i....¨ä¹ê³£¬OÁ¿°ò¥»¤u¸êªº¼vÅT....¤£¹L¤W¦¸¸ò±Ð±Â°Q½×¤§«á...±Ð±Â¦ü¥G»~·|¤F¤pÀnªº·N«ä....

±Ð±Â¥H¬°¤pÀnªº»¡ªk¬O....©Ò¦³ªº¤½¥q...¤j®a¹Îµ²°_¨Ó...¤@°_§â³Ò¤uªºÁ~¤ôÀ£§C.....¬Ý¨ÓÀ³¸Ó¬O¤pÀn²Ä¤@®É¶¡¨S¦³»¡²M·¡©Ò¾É­Pªº.....

¤pÀn¤@¶}©lªº³]©w¬O....°²³]°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤w¸g°ª¹L©ó¥«³õ§¡¿Åªº¤u¸ê,¾É­P¥«³õ¤W¤w¸g¦³¦h¾lªº³Ò¤O¨Ñµ¹. ©Ò¥H³t­¹©±­Ì¤£»Ý­n´£°ª¤u¸ê¨Ó§l¤Þ³Ò°Ê¤O, ¦Ó®Ú¾ÚÁɧ½²z½×,¤j®a³£·|¿ï¾ÜÃþ¦üªºµ²ªG,¦ÑÁó³£·|§Æ±æÀ£§C¤u¸ê,¦b¨S¦³»Ý­nªº®É­Ô,¥i¥H¹w¨£¦ÑÁó­Ì³£·|¥uÄ@·N¥I¥X°ò¥»¤u¸ê. ¦]¬°¥u­n¥I¥X°ò¥»¤u¸ê´N¥i¥H¦³¨¬°÷ªº³Ò°Ê¤H¤f¨Ñ¥L­Ì¨Ï¥Î¤F.

¤£¹L³o­Ó»¡ªkÀ³¸Ó¥u¯à»¡©ú¹³¬O¼w¦{³oºØ©Ç©Çªº¦{...·íŪ¨ì¦³Ãö¥[¦{ªº³ø§iªº®É­Ô...¤pÀn¦Û¤v´N¹ï¦Û¤vªº»¡ªk¤£¤j¦³«H¤ß¤F....·Pı¥[¦{ªº¥­§¡¤u¸êÀ³¸Ó·|°ª©ó°ò¥»¤u¸ê.....¨º¤pÀnªº»¡ªk´N¯¸¤£¦í¸}¤F....

¦Ó³o®É­Ô...±Ð±Âªº±Ð±Â´£¥X¤F¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¦³½ìªºÆ[ÂI...¨º´N¬O...¤@¨Ç¤p¥»¸gÀ窺¤p©±©O? ·|¤£·|¦]¬°....³sÂê³t­¹©±§â³o¨Ç¤p¦Y©±³£»°¨«¤F.....Åý¥¦­ÌÃöªù¤j¦N....©Ò¥H....³sÂê³t­¹©±¶V¶}¶V¦h,¦ý¬O¾ãÅé¨Ó»¡,¾ã­Ó½Ðªº¤H¬OÅܤ֪º.....³o­Ó»¡ªk¨ì¬O¤ñ¸ûÅý¤pÀn³ßÅw....ı±o±q§ó§»Æ[ªºµø³¥¨Ó¬Ý³o­Ó°ÝÃD....¹ê¦b¬O¤ñ¤pÀn¼F®`¦h¤F! ¤pÀn¤§«eŪ¹L¦³Á¿¨ì"¬P¤Ú§J"(Star Bucks)¦p¦ó¤J«I¬ü°ê«°¥«,§â¤@¨Ç¤p¦Y©±ºR·´ªº¬G¨Æ....³o¸Ìªº¨Ò¤lÀ³¸ÓÃþ¦ü,¥u¬O¤£ª¾¹D¦³¨S¦³Ãþ¦üªº¸gÀÙ³ø§i¦Ó¤w?

¤£¹L·í¤pÀnÄ~Äò«ä¦Ò³o­ÓÃD¥Ø,´Nı±o....¦pªG³Ò¤u¶V¨Ó¶V¶Q,¦Ó¸ê¤è±N¥Í²£¹Lµ{ºCºCªº¥Î¾÷¾¹¨ú¥N°ª¯Åªº³Ò¤u....Åý§C¯Åªº³Ò¤u¥Î¾÷¾¹¨Ó¥Í²£.....³o¼Ë¤@¤è­±¥i¥HÀ£§C¤u¸ê...Åý¤½¥q¦bÁ~¸ê¤è­±ªº¤ä¥X´î¤Ö....¦³¤u§@ªº¤H¥i¯àÅܦh¤F....¦ý¬O¾ãÅ骺Á~¤ôÃB«×¥i¯à¤Ï¦ÓÅܤ֤F....

¦pªG±q¤pÀn¤ñ¸û¼ô±xªº´Î²y»â°ì¨Ó¬Ý,³o¼Ë¨ü¶Ë®`ªº«h¬O¤¤²£¶¥¯Åªº²y­û....´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¥Ñ©ó¸ê¤èºCºC¥u»Ý­n§C§Þ³Nªº¤u¤H....°ª§Þ³N°ªÁ~¸êªº¤u§@ªÌ³Q²^¨O¤§«á....©Î³\¥¢·~²v¤U­°¤F,¦ý¬O¥ø·~¾ãÅé¨Ó»¡¥I¥XªºÁ~¸ê¨ä¹ê¬O¤ñ¸û¤Öªº.....¤]´N¬O»¡,¨ä¹êªø´Á¨Ó¬Ý,´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê¬O·|¶Ë®`¤¤²£¶¥¯Å,Åý°]´I¤À°t§ó¤£§¡¿Å.....¦]¬°´N¬O§â¤¤²£¶¥¼hªº¿ú®³¨Ó½Ð°ò¥»¤u¸ê­û¤uªºÁ~¤ô¸ò¶R¾÷¾¹.....

±Ð±Â»¡..."¦pªG­n·í¤@­Ó¸gÀپǮa´N­n"´Ý§Ô¸ò¨õ»À"(Mean and Nasty)".....¤pÀnªº­Ó©Ê¦ü¥GÁÙ®¼¾A¦Xªº.....²¦³º¤@­Ó¥i¥H¹ï¦Û¤v´Ý§ÔªºÀn¤l....À³¸Ó¬O°÷´Ý§Ô¤F....¤£µM«ç»ò¬Ý«Ý²´«e³o»ò¦h¤¤¦~¥¢·~®a®xªº´d¼@©O?

2006/10/11

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ¬Ý¤F¤@¥÷¤@¤E¤E¤»¦~¥|¤ëªº¬ã¨s³ø§i,«Ê­±¼ÐÃD´N¼gµÛ."¯Ã¿A¦è³t­¹¬ã¨s¤¤´Ý¼oªº·å²«"(The Crippling Flaws in the New Jersey Fast Food Study.),¤pÀn¤â¤W¬Ýªº¬O²Ä¤Gª©....µM«á¤pÀn´Nı±o¦Û¤v«ÜÄø.....¬°¤F¤@­Ó³ø§i³o»ò»{¯u¥h§ä¨ä¥L¸gÀÙ²z½×¨Ó¬ã¨s¥i¯à¦s¦bªº¾÷·|¬O¦h¤Ö.....µM«áµo²{¤pÀn¦Û¤v´£ªº²z½×¥u¯à¤ä«ù¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó³ø§i,¤£¯à¤ä«ù¨ä¥L¤T¥÷³ø§iªº®É­Ô,¶}©l©¹¥~­±¬Ý....¬Ý¦³¨S¦³¨ä¥Lªº»¡ªk,¬J²Å¦X¥i¥H§â³o´X¥÷Ãö©ó°ò¥»¤u¸êªº³ø§iªºµ²½×¦³¦U¤ñ¸û¦nªº¸ÑÄÀ....¦]¬°³o¦ü¥÷³ø§iªºµ²½×¹ê¦b¬O®¼Àݪº....©ÎªÌ¸Ó»¡®Ú¥»¨S¦³¤@­Óµ²½×....³o¥|¥÷³ø§iªºµ²½×¬O....³o¬O¤@­Ó¶R¤è¥«³õ....ÁöµM¤pÀn¹ï³oÂI¹ê¦b¬O¤£«ç»ò¬Û«H....°£«D¦p¤pÀn©Ò°²³],·í¦aªº°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤j¤j¶W¹L§¡¿Å¤u¸ê¤~¥i¯à¥X²{....¥i¬O«Ü©úÅãµLªk¸ÑÄÀ¥[¦{ªºª¬ªp....¤pÀn«ç»ò¤]µLªk¬Û«H¥[¦{ªº°ò¥»¤u¸ê·|°ª¹L§¡¿Å¤u¸ê......·íµM...¤£¥u¤pÀn³o­Ó¸gÀÙ¨tªº¾Ç¥Í¦³³o­Ó§xÂZ.....¥@¬É¤W«Ü¦h¸gÀپǮa¤]¦³³o¼Ëªº§xÂZ....¦Ó«Ü¦h¬Û«H´£°ª°ò¥»¤u¸ê¹ï½a¤H¨Ó»¡¬O¦n¨Æ....©Î¬O»{¬°³o¼Ë¥i¥HÄF¿ï²¼ªº¬F«È¨Ó»¡....³o¥÷¸gÀÙ³ø§i¬O¹ï¥L­Ìªº»¡ªk³Ì¦nªº­I®Ñ....³o¥i¬O¨â¦ì´¶ªL´µ¹y¤j¾Çªº±Ð±Â§¤ªº¬ã¨s³ø§iªü!!

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¦^µª: ¨ä¹ê«Ü²³æ,¦pªG»¡¦³¤H¦]¦¹¦Ó¥¢·~,¦Ó»Ý­n°µÂྰV½m,¨º¬O¤£¬O¥ý·l¥¢¤F³o´X­Ó¤ë¨S¦³¤u§@ªºÁ~¤ô¤F? ªF¦è¸ò§Þ¯àÅܪº¶V¨Ó¶V«K©y¬O¤@ºØ¤£¥i°fªº¤ÏÀ³,¬Û¹ï¨Ó»¡,¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê·|¥[³t³o­Ó¹Lµ{. ¦Ó¥B¤£¬O¨C­Ó¤HÂླ£¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº...¦pªG¨C­Ó¤HÂླ£¥i¥H¦¨¥\¨Ã¥B§ä¨ì¤u§@,¸gÀپǴN¤£»Ý­n¯S§O³Ð³y¤@­Ó¦Wµü¥s°µ"¥¢·N¤u¤H"(Discourage Workers). ¦Ó´NºâÂྦ¨¥\,¤£´Nµ¥©ó¼W¥[¨ä¥L³Ò¤u»â°ìªº³Ò¤u¨Ñµ¹,¨Ñµ¹¤@¼W¥[...¸Ó»â°ìªº³Ò¤uÁ~¤ô¦ÛµM·|....¤U­°....·íµM...©¹¦n³B·Q...¸Ó»â°ìªº¦ÑÁó­Ì¥Ñ©ó¤u¸ê¤U­°...¦ÛµM¤£·|¤Ó¹L©ó«æµÛ°µ¥X¤ÏÀ³.

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¤pÀn³o´X¤Ñªº§ó·s¥D­n¥u¬O·Q»¡ªº«Ü²³æ:"¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤£·|·ÓÅU§C¦¬¤J¤á."³o­Ó³Ì°ò¥»ªº¸gÀÙ²z½×¦Ó¤w.

2006/10/12

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)§ó¦hªº¬ã¨s³ø§iªü! ¦©±¼±a¦^®a¬Ýªº...¤W½Òªº®É­Ô±Ð±Â¤SÁ¿­z¤F¤T¥÷¸gÀÙ³ø§i....¤]¬O½ÄµÛ¯Ã¿A¦è³t­¹·~³ø§i¦Ó¨Óªº. ¦pªG¦³¤H¹ï³o´X¥÷»{¬°¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¤£·|³y¦¨¥¢·~²v´£ª@ªº¬ã¨s³ø§i¦³¿³½ì¤F¸Ü,¥i¥H§ä§ä"Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage".³o¥»®Ñ,¬O§â³o¤T¦ì±Ð±Âªº¥|¥÷³ø§i,¤@¥÷¼w¦{,¤@¥÷¥[¦{,¤@¥÷¥þ°ê©Ê¸ò¤@¥÷¯Ã¿A¦è¦{ªº³ø§i¾ã²z°_¨Ó©ÒÅܦ¨ªº¤@¥»®Ñ.

¤µ¤Ñ¬Ýªº³ø§i¦³¨â¥÷¬O­«·s¼fµø¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº,ÁÙ¦³¤@¥÷....¤]ºâ¬O­«·s¼fµø¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§i,¤£¹L¦³½ìªº¬O,³o¥÷³ø§iªº§@ªÌ´N¬O¤§«eµoªí:¯Ã¿A¦è³t­¹·~³ø§i"ªº±Ð±Â....©Ò¥H¤º®e¥i¥H»¡¬Oºëªö¥i´Áªü! °ò¥»¤W....¤º®e¸ò¼â°ü½|µó¨SÔ£¨â¼Ë...¥i¥H»¡¬O¶}©l°Ý­Ô¹ï¤è¤÷¥Àªºµ{«×¤F....¹³¬O¤@¥÷³ø§i¤¤¥Î¤F..."What the results suggest, of course, is that the measurement error is not random across states."...³oºØ±µªñ±±¶Dªº»y½Õ·t¥Ü....¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ¾Þ±±¦Û¤vªº­ì©l¸ê®Æ....

¦Ó¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ¤]§ï¥Î¤FÁ~¸ê³ø§i¨Ó­«·s°µ¦Û¤vªº¬ã¨s³ø§i...³ø§i¤¤±j½Õ:"°ò¥»¤u¸êªº¼Wªø¹ï©ó¥¢·~²vªº¼vÅT¦b²Î­p¾Ç¨Ó¬Ý,¼vÅT¤Ó¤p,¦b²Î­p¾Ç¤Wºâ¬O¥i¥H±Æ°£ªº¦]¯À..."...ºâ¬O§â¤§«eªºµ²½×³ø§i±q¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¥i¥H¼W¥[´N·~²v¨ì²{¦b....¼W¥[°ò¥»¤u¸ê¹ï¥¢·~²vªº¼vÅT¤£¤j....¦Ó¯Ã¿A¦è³ø§iªº§@ªÌ«h¤ÏÀ»....¨ä¥L³ø§iªºªº¸ê®Æ¤]¦³°ÝÃD....¬Ý°_¨Ó¯u¬Oºëªöªü!

2006/10/17

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ¤S¥t¥~¬Ý¤F¨â½g³Ò¤u¸gÀÙªº¬ã¨s³ø§i. ¥D­n¬O±q¦a¤è©Ê¸ò²£·~¨Ó¬Ý°ò¥»¤u¸êªº¼vÅT.

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2006/10/23

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Examination #1

Sonoma State University Dr. Cuellar

Economics 421- Seminar in Labor Economics Fall 2006

Answer all questions completely. Absolutely no colluding with classmates on the examination. You can use any and all animate and inanimate resources available except for fellow Econ. 421 classmates. Any answers deemed suspiciously similar will be given a zero. Your typed answers are due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, October 24.

(1) In 1981, the government increased the benefit reduction rate from 67% to 100%.

(a) Show graphically the effects of raising the benefit reduction rate on the budget constraint. In your graph be sure to indicate the effects on the income guarantee, the break even level of income and the net wage.

(b) What are the predicted effects of raising the benefit reduction rate to 100% on:

(i) labor force participation of AFDC participants;

(ii) hours worked of AFDC participants;

(iii) the costs of the program; Explain each fully and show graphically.

(c) Table 4 of the Moffitt (1992) paper shows that the percentage of AFDC female heads working full time after 1981 (after the increase in the benefit reduction rate) falls considerably. Is this evidence of a causal link between the benefit reduction rate and the work incentive? Explain fully.

(d) Consider the federal Food Stamp program, which provides coupons (now debit cards) used for the purchase of food by low income families. Average monthly food stamp benefits per household in 2002 were $185.71. The opportunity cost of leisure for many low income families is the minimum wage, which is currently $6.75 in California. Using the average disincentive estimate of 5.4 hours used in Moffitt (1992), calculate the ¡§leaky bucket¡¨ coefficient. That is for every dollar transferred to low income families through the food stamp program, how much will earnings decrease as a result of increased consumption of leisure?

(2) Consider the studies by Katz and Krueger (1992) and Card and Krueger (1993), in which both studies examine the effect of a minimum wage increase on the fast food industry.

(a) What fast food firms in particular are examined by these studies? Discuss the choice of firms used in these studies.

(b) Ignoring the problems with the data, explain how examining the effects of the minimum wage increase on those particular firms in part (a) can result in an increase in employment of those firms. Explain your answer fully.

(3) Consider the study by Kim and Taylor (1995) which examines the effects of the 1988 minimum wage increase in California.

(a) What is Kim and Taylor¡¦s main criticism of the Card (1992) study?

(b) Based on your answer to (a), how can an increase in the minimum wage result in increased employment? Show graphically using supply and demand curves. In the Kim and Taylor paper, they discuss the effects of the minimum wage increase on San Francisco and Sutter Counties.

(c) Show graphically using supply and demand curves the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment in San Francisco County. Explain fully.

(d) Show graphically using supply and demand curves the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment in Sutter County. Explain fully.

2006/10/24

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2006/10/26

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2006/10/31

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2006/11/03

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2006/11/05

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2006/11/07

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2006/11/09

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2006/11/14

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2006/11/15

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Construct two quadratic experience earnings profiles based on your individual personal characteristics including your race, gender and the state in which you intend to work and live. The first earnings profile should be for you if the highest grade you attain is a high school degree and the second if your highest grade attained is a bachelor¡¦s degree. Show both earnings profiles together graphically.

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For the earning profile based on your personal characteristics with a bachelor¡¦s degree, when are peak earnings? What are peak earnings? Explain your answers fully.

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Calculate the earnings premium in dollars that you would earn over the age 25-65 by attaining a bachelor¡¦s degree. Hint: This calculation involves the use of calculus and is probably best produced using an advanced calculator or some type of computer program e.g. Mathcad. Show your work

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(¡ì43~3) (-95.47034/3)X^3+(4572.693/2)X^2+31458.17X=[(-95.47034/3)(43^3)+(4572.693/2)(43^2)+31458.17*43]-[(-95.47034/3)(3^3)+(4572.693/2)(3^2)+31458.17*3=3049969.214-114092.3954=2935876.819

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Comment on the following statement by Harvard labor economist George Borjas, ¡§Going to college costs over $150,00 for the typical student (including both forgone earnings and direct costs). If college provided only an impressive-looking piece of paper, firms that specialize in providing equally impressive pieces of paper at lower prices would appear in the marketplace. The fact that we do not see a large industry of firms that sell credentials certifying a person¡¦s innate productivity must imply that education does more than just signal a workers productivity; it must also alter the human capital stock.¡¨

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Two recent studies show that the labor market characteristics of GED graduates and high school dropouts are virtually identical. In particular, the wages of GED graduates are no higher than the wages of highschool dropouts.1 Is this consistent with the human capital or signaling model of education? Explain your answer fully.

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Studies have found a strong positive correlation between I.Q. and educational attainment but have failed to find a strong correlation between I.Q. and earnings.2 Is this consistent with the human capital or signaling model of education? Explain your answer fully.

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In a study of identical twins, the researchers found that the rate of return on an additional year of schooling was 16 percent.3 Is this consistent with the human capital or signaling model of education? Explain your fully.

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2006/11/16

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Calculate the earnings premium in dollars that you would earn over the age 25-65 by attaining a bachelor¡¦s degree. Hint: This calculation involves the use of calculus and is probably best produced using an advanced calculator or some type of computer program e.g. Mathcad. Show your work

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(¡ì43~3) (-95.47034/3)X^3+(4572.693/2)X^2+31458.17X=[(-95.47034/3)(43^3)+(4572.693/2)(43^2)+31458.17*43]-[(-95.47034/3)(3^3)+(4572.693/2)(3^2)+31458.17*3=3049969.214-114092.3954=2935876.819

(-42.32387)X^2+ (2127.192)X+ 11715.91³o­Ó¤èµ{¦¡Åܦ¨¿n¤À....À³¸Ó´N¬O....

(¡ì43~3) (-42.32387/3)X^3+(2127.192/2)X^2+11715.91X=[(-42.32387/3)(43^3)+(2127.192/2)(43^2)+11715.91*43]-[(-42.32387/3)(3^3)+(2127.192/2)(3^2)+11715.91*3=1348691.823-44339.17917=1304352.64413333

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2006/11/22

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2006/11/28

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2006/12/01

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤Ñ¦A©À¤@¥÷¬ã¨s³ø§i...¬Ý¬Ý¬O¤£¬O¦³©Ò¿×ªº"³hªÌ¶V³h,´IªÌ¶V´I"ªº²{¶H¥X²{? ±q1993¦~¤@¥÷¥Ñ¤T¦ì¾ÇªÌ"¯³­J.¾ô/³Í¤å.¾¥µá/¥¬¾|§J.¥Öº¸´µ"(Chinhui juhn, Kevin M. Mrtphy, Brooks Pierce)©Ò¼gªº"¥Ñ§Þ¯à®t²§©Ò¤Þ°_ªºÁ~¤ô®t¶Zªº¼Wªø."(Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill).

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2006/12/13

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2006/12/14

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2006/12/15

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2006/12/16

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2006/12/17

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¤µ¤ÑÁ`ºâ¨ì¤F¤pÀn³ø§iªº­«ÀYÀ¸¤F...¨º´N¬O"¬Á¼þ¤ÑªáªO"(Glass Ceiling).¤U­±³o¤@³¹ªí®æ¬O¹w´ú¤H­Ìªº¥i¯à¦~¦¬¤J¬O¦h¤Ö....¦pªG¥Î5%¨Ó·í¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô,´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¦pªG¨º¦UÁ~¤ôµ¥¯Åªº¤ñ²v§C©ó5%,¥Nªí¤£¬O³o­Ó¤HºØªº±Ð¨|µ{«×¥i¯à¥i¥H¥ø¯Åªº¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô¨Ó¬Ý¤F¸Ü! ´«¥y¸Ü»¡,¤£¬O¨C­Ó¤j¾Ç¸w·~¥Í³£¥i¥HÁȨì"¤ñº¸»\¯÷"(Bill Gats)ªºÁ~¤ô,¤]¤£¬O¨C­Ó°ª¤¤¥Í³£¥i¥H¥h¥´¬ü°ê¾ÄxµM«áÁȤ@¤jµ§¿ú....©Ò¥H¤pÀn¥Î5%¨Ó·í¦³®ÄÁ~¤ô,´«¥y¸Ü»¡¬O³o­Ó½§¦â¸ò¾Ç¾ú¥i¯à¦¬¨ì³Ì°ªªºÁ~¤ô,¦Ó¥Î50%¨Ó·í¤¤¶¡Á~¤ô,¤]´N¬O©Ò¿×¤@¯ë¤H¥i¯à¥i¥H¦¬¨ìªº»ù®æ....±µµÛ´Nµo²{¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªº¨Æ±¡!


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1-10000

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

10001-20000

93.67%

91.18%

93.48%

100.00%

96.94%

96.13%

97.46%

96.77%

20001-30000

61.39%

50.00%

58.39%

33.33%

79.51%

67.78%

83.19%

70.97%

30001-40000

30.38%

17.65%

25.47%

0.00%

52.89%

37.89%

59.51%

41.94%

40001-50000

15.19%

6.86%

12.73%

0.00%

32.48%

18.81%

39.16%

22.58%

50001-60000

7.28%

2.94%

4.66%

0.00%

18.71%

10.31%

22.68%

12.90%

60001-70000

4.11%

1.96%

1.86%

0.00%

10.20%

5.93%

13.27%

3.23%

70001-80000

2.22%

0.98%

0.93%

0.00%

6.89%

2.84%

8.85%

0.00%

80001-90000

0.95%

0.00%

0.93%

0.00%

4.59%

1.55%

4.98%

0.00%

90001-100000

0.95%

0.00%

0.31%

0.00%

3.23%

1.03%

3.98%

0.00%

100001-110000

0.63%

0.00%

0.31%

0.00%

1.87%

0.26%

2.21%

0.00%

110001-120000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

1.28%

0.26%

1.88%

0.00%

120001-130000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.85%

0.26%

1.77%

0.00%

130001-140000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.60%

0.26%

1.77%

0.00%

140001-150000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.60%

0.00%

1.66%

0.00%

150001-160000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.09%

0.00%

1.33%

0.00%

160001-170000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.09%

0.00%

1.33%

0.00%

170001-180000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

1.11%

0.00%

180001-190000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

1.11%

0.00%

190001-200000

0.32%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.88%

0.00%

2000001~~

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.66%

0.00%


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1-10000

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20001-30000

95.49% 93.21% 93.98% 91.43% 98.32% 100.00% 95.73% 100.00%

30001-40000

83.58% 83.95% 86.14% 74.29% 94.69% 97.33% 91.46% 100.00%

40001-50000

69.42% 63.58% 72.89% 54.29% 82.96% 85.33% 80.43% 100.00%

50001-60000

57.77% 38.89% 59.79% 42.86% 68.99% 66.67% 66.55% 90.91%

60001-70000

44.86% 28.40% 49.40% 34.29% 57.54% 49.33% 54.09% 54.55%

70001-80000

35.09% 19.14% 40.21% 20.00% 51.12% 41.33% 41.64% 45.45%

80001-90000

26.57% 14.20% 31.78% 17.14% 41.34% 26.67% 33.81% 36.36%

90001-100000

22.68% 10.49% 25.60% 11.43% 36.31% 18.67% 26.69% 27.27%

100001-110000

17.29% 3.70% 18.83% 8.57% 26.82% 12.00% 20.28% 27.27%

110001-120000

14.29% 1.85% 14.76% 8.57% 23.46% 10.67% 14.95% 27.27%

120001-130000

11.15% 1.23% 11.45% 5.71% 19.83% 8.00% 11.74% 27.27%

130001-140000

9.52% 0.62% 9.94% 5.71% 16.76% 4.00% 9.25% 18.18%

140001-150000

7.89% 0.62% 8.73% 5.71% 15.64% 1.33% 9.25% 9.09%

150001-160000

5.01% 0.00% 5.87% 5.71% 11.45% 1.33% 5.69% 9.09%

160001-170000

4.51% 0.00% 4.97% 5.71% 10.34% 1.33% 4.27% 9.09%

170001-180000

4.14% 0.00% 4.67% 5.71% 8.66% 1.33% 3.91% 9.09%

180001-190000

3.63% 0.00% 3.92% 5.71% 7.82% 1.33% 2.49% 9.09%

190001-200000

3.38% 0.00% 3.46% 5.71% 7.54% 0.00% 2.49% 9.09%

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10001-20000

97.65%

93.75%

99.12%

100.00%

20001-30000

95.29%

87.50%

97.37%

100.00%

30001-40000

91.76%

87.50%

95.61%

100.00%

40001-50000

90.59%

68.75%

89.47%

100.00%

50001-60000

82.35%

56.25%

82.46%

100.00%

60001-70000

74.12%

56.25%

73.68%

80.00%

70001-80000

68.82%

50.00%

64.91%

80.00%

80001-90000

62.94%

50.00%

55.26%

40.00%

90001-100000

56.47%

50.00%

50.00%

40.00%

100001-110000

51.18%

43.75%

42.98%

20.00%

110001-120000

44.71%

31.25%

37.72%

20.00%

120001-130000

41.76%

25.00%

30.70%

20.00%

130001-140000

36.47%

12.50%

23.68%

20.00%

140001-150000

31.18%

12.50%

20.18%

20.00%

150001-160000

24.71%

12.50%

14.91%

0.00%

160001-170000

23.53%

12.50%

13.16%

0.00%

170001-180000

21.76%

12.50%

13.16%

0.00%

180001-190000

18.82%

12.50%

13.16%

0.00%

190001-200000

15.88%

12.50%

11.40%

0.00%

2000001~~

12.94% 12.50% 8.77% 0.00%

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2006/12/18

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2006/12/19

(³Ò¤u¸gÀÙ)¬Q¤Ñ¶]¥h§äÁɧ½²z½×±Ð±Â²á¤Ñªº®É­Ô,¶¶«K¨«¹L³Ò¤u¸gÀٱбªºªù¤f....¶¶«K´N¶]¥h°Ý¤F¨â­Ó°ÝÃD....¤£¦P¦a¤èªºÁ~¸ê¥i¤£¥i¥H¤ñ¸ûªº°ÝÃD?....¤§«e¤pÀn¬O·Q¥Î©Ð¦a²£¬°¤@­Ó«ü¼Ð....¤£¹L·Ó±Ð±Âªº»¡ªk,¥Ø«e¤w¸g¦³²{¦³ªº¸ê®Æ,±Mªù°µ¦a°Ï©ÊªºÁ~¸ê¤ñ¸û¤F.....¦Ó°ê»ÚÁ~¸êªº¸ê®Æ,À³¸Ó¤]¦³¤F!

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2007/03/11

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2007/03/20

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